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A-Levels, IGCSE, and CBC: Understanding the Differences

  • abdirizakabukar1
  • Sep 12
  • 2 min read
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Education is one of the most important investments a parent can make for their child. In Kenya, many families find themselves weighing between the new Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) and international systems such as IGCSE and A-Levels. Each system is designed with a different vision of learning, assessment, and student preparation. Understanding how they compare helps parents choose the pathway that best fits their child’s strengths and goals.

1. Curriculum Approach

  • CBC (Kenya): Built around competencies rather than memorization. Learners are encouraged to apply knowledge to real-life situations, work in groups, and develop creativity.

  • IGCSE: Offers a broad and flexible subject range, encouraging critical thinking and application. Students usually take 6–10 subjects, which keeps their options open for future study.

  • A-Levels: More specialized and advanced. Students focus on 3–4 subjects of interest, preparing them for specific career paths and university entry.

2. Assessment Style

  • CBC: Relies on continuous assessment—projects, practical work, and class participation matter as much as exams.

  • IGCSE: Uses a mix of exams, coursework, and practical, which supports different learning styles.

  • A-Levels: Primarily exam-based, designed to test depth of understanding, logical reasoning, and strong academic writing.

3. Recognition and Opportunities

  • CBC: Currently recognized within Kenya, with pathways leading to Senior School, TVET institutions, or universities. International recognition is still growing.

  • IGCSE: Accepted globally and often used as a foundation for A-Levels, IB, or other higher education programs.

  • A-Levels: Highly respected worldwide, often giving students a competitive edge when applying to top universities.

4. Skills Developed

  • CBC: Builds well-rounded learners who are creative, adaptable, and capable of problem-solving beyond academics.

  • IGCSE: Strengthens academic knowledge while encouraging independent thinking and flexibility across subjects.

  • A-Levels: Demands focus, discipline, and deep expertise—skills that prepare learners for rigorous university study.

5. Pathways After Completion

  • CBC: Learners transition into specialized Senior School tracks (Arts, Sciences, or Technical pathways) before higher education.

  • IGCSE: Progresses naturally to A-Levels, IB Diploma, or other international qualifications.

  • A-Levels: Direct gateway into universities worldwide, with many institutions using A-Level results as a key admission requirement.


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